Maxillofacial surgery is a specialized and advanced branch of medicine that focuses on correcting bone and soft tissue abnormalities of the face, mouth, and jaw. This type of surgery is performed not only for therapeutic reasons, but also for cosmetic and restorative purposes. People who have problems such as jaw misalignment, difficulty chewing, breathing, speaking, or a disproportionate facial appearance can benefit from this surgery.
What problems can be treated with jaw surgery?
Jaw and facial problems may be congenital or caused by physical injuries, improper growth, or certain diseases. The most important cases that can be treated with jaw surgery include:
Excessive forward or backward movement of the lower or upper jaw
Asymmetry in the face or jaws
Improper bite, such as overbite (protrusion of the upper jaw), underbite (protrusion of the lower jaw), crossbite, or open bite
Problems swallowing, chewing, or speaking due to improper jaw structure
Temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders, such as pain, clicking, or locking of the jaw
Snoring or breathing problems related to jaw structure
Injuries caused by accidents, falls, or blows to the face
Types of maxillofacial surgeries
1. Mandibular surgery
In this type of surgery, the lower jaw bone is cut to move it to a more suitable position. To do this, incisions are made inside the mouth to leave the external appearance of the face without scarring. The bone is then fixed in the new position using titanium plates and special screws.
2. Maxillary surgery
If there are problems such as a receding upper jaw, a gummy smile, or jaw misalignment, maxillary surgery is performed. In this procedure, the upper jaw bone is cut and moved to align with the lower jaw.
3. Chin and cheek surgery
For people with a receding chin or flat cheeks, cosmetic chin or cheek surgery is used. These surgeries can be performed using prosthetics or bone changes to create a more natural and proportionate shape if necessary.
4. Treatment of jaw and facial fractures
People who have been in an accident or have suffered a blow to the face may suffer from jaw fractures. These types of fractures require emergency treatment and, if not treated properly, may cause facial disfigurement or jaw dysfunction.
Steps of jaw surgery
Initial examination and expert advice
Detailed clinical examination by a specialist
Panoramic and cephalometric imaging
3D modeling of the jaw and teeth for precise surgical planning
Orthodontic treatment before surgery
Orthodontics is usually performed between 6 and 18 months to align the teeth before surgery.
Having surgery in a hospital or surgery center
Under general anesthesia
Intraoral incisions for bone displacement
Bone fixation with special plates and screws
Post-surgical care and orthodontic follow-up
Soft diet
Taking antibiotics and anti-inflammatory drugs
Jaw physiotherapy if needed
Continuing orthodontic treatment to finalize tooth alignment
Benefits of jaw surgery
Improving facial beauty and increasing facial symmetry
Correction of speech, breathing and chewing disorders
Treatment of jaw joint pain and noises
Increased quality of life and self-confidence
Facilitating better quality sleep in people with sleep apnea
Possible complications of jaw surgery
Although jaw surgery is usually performed with high success, it may also have complications:
Temporary or permanent numbness of the lower lip or tongue
Severe pain or swelling after surgery
Partial return of jaw position to its original position
Need for re-surgery in certain cases
Difficulty opening the mouth during recovery
Who are good candidates for jaw surgery?
People with congenital or acquired jaw abnormalities
People who have not improved with orthodontic treatment alone
Those who have functional problems with chewing or speech
Those who are dissatisfied with their facial shape and want to improve their appearance
People with severe injuries from a blow to the face
